Elemental Mercury is a silvery‑white, high‑density, freely mobile liquid metallic substance at room temperature. Molecular weight =200.59. HazardIdentification (based on NFPA‑704 M Rating System):Health 3, Flammability 0, Reactivity 0. Practically insoluble in water, soluble in concentrated nitric acid and hot concentrated sulfuric acid. A liquid heavy‑metal element that readily forms amalgam alloys with most common metals, generates toxic mercury vapor even under normal ambient temperature. A highly toxic bio‑accumulative heavy metal, historically widely applied in laboratory apparatus, metallurgical processing, chemical synthesis and precision instrument manufacturing fields, subject to strict global import‑export regulatory restrictions.
| Mercury Chemical Properties | |
| Melting point | -38.87 °C(lit.) |
| bulk density | N/A (Liquid at ambient temperature, no powder bulk property) |
| density | 13.534 g/mL at 20 °C |
| refractive index | 1.0000 (Estimated value for liquid metallic mercury) |
| Fp | Non-flammable, no flash point |
| storage temp. | Room temperature, stored in tightly sealed dedicated poison cabinet |
| solubility | Insoluble in water; soluble in hot concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid |
| form | Liquid metal at room temperature |
| Colour Index | N/A (Inorganic elemental metal, no color index for dyes & pigments) |
| color | Silvery-white with distinct metallic luster |
| PH | N/A (Pure elemental metal has no aqueous pH property) |
| Water Solubility | Practically insoluble; solubility approx 20~30μg/L in pure water at 20℃ |
| Merck | 14, 5854 |
| Stability | Stable under normal ambient temperature and sealed conditions; incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, sulfur, halogens and most base metals; easily forms amalgams with common metals; volatile to generate toxic mercury vapor at room temperature |
| Major Application | Laboratory precision instruments, metallurgical amalgam preparation, chemical catalyst raw materials, traditional measuring instruments; global strict restrictions on new civilian & cosmetic usage scenarios |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | N/A (Globally prohibited for use in cosmetics, banned additive for cosmetic formulas) |
| InChIKey | OWEGMIWDYGSGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | [Hg] |
As a high‑density liquid metallic raw material, especially for manufacturing laboratory precision apparatus and pressure‑measuring instruments; as a core reagent for chemical synthesis, amalgam alloy preparation and special metal extraction; widely adopted in metallurgical processing, vacuum‑related equipment and special‑industry measuring instruments. Heavily restricted or banned for civilian, cosmetic, food‑contact and daily‑consumer‑product applications under global regulatory requirements including Minamata Convention. Mercury is applied in academic chemical research for catalyst preparation, trace elemental analysis and special‑material alloy development. Heavy‑metal pollutant monitoring, environmental hazard assessment, toxicology & ecotoxicology testing.
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